The Cause of Rainfall
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1 - The sun provides the heat source, heating up the ground strongly.

2 - The ground then heats up the air through convection and the air rises.

3 - As the air rises it cools very rapidly.

4 - Large clouds develop directly above the rising air as the cool air cannot hold as much water.

5 - Torrential rain and thunderstorms are caused when the air is cooled to such as degree that water droplets collide with each other in the clouds.  Eventually, the individual droplets become so heavy, the air cannot hold them and they fall as rain.