Theme 1 Investigation Population Change
- The issue of high birth rates and high mortality rates - and policies to address these. *
- The issue of the impact of diseases such as AIDs.
- Detailed knowledge and understanding of at least one case study to understand the causes and effects of high birth rates and high mortality rates.
- Policies to address high birth rates and high mortality rates and the relative success of such policies.
- To reduce stabilise the birth rate - issues raised by China's One Child policy for example. Religious and cultural resistance to such policies.
- Possible issues arising from gender imbalances following selective abortion.
- To raise the standard of living of the majority so that people choose to have fewer children. Raising the status of women.
- Economic pressure of high youth dependency - how to fund health care and education of the children. Economic progress 'swamped' by rising costs of youth dependency.
- To avoid mass underemployment - too many people for too few jobs.
- To avoid increased rural to urban migration if poverty increases in the countryside.
- To manage the issue of illegal emigration (or Brain Drain) to wealthier neighbouring countries.
- Continuing population growth from the ongoing effect of large numbers of fertile young people.
- strong youthful working population - potential to develop along the NIC model like Malaysia if young generation are given skills.
- economic gains from growing home market.
- potential raised standard of living if families have fewer children.
- Youthful population will help to reduce death rate.
- Problems from Aids in Africa
- cost of health care
- orphaned children - economic and social issues
- reduced production eg in foodstuffs
- loss of talent
- increased pressure on grandparent generation
- older children lose opportunity for education caring for younger siblings
- gender imbalance in death rate
- reduced pressure on land and resources
- shortage of labour so wages may rise
- less gender inequality if supply of labour is short
- increased understanding of healthy lifestyle
- some promotion of positive moral codes (ABC)
- increased support from MEDCs to tackle issues.
http://classtools.net/my/dustbin40894challenges_of_a_high_birth___death_rate.htm
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Aids Epidemic
During 2007 alone, an estimated 1.5 million adults and children died as a result of AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. Since the beginning of the epidemic more than 15 million Africans have died from AIDS.
In countries like Swaziland and Botswana over 20% of the population is affected.
Annual death toll 3 million. US$5 billion raised by a range of organisations:
# to teach about healthy transmission-prevention strategies
# to care for the millions of orphaned children
# to treat those already infected
Uganda has reduced its adult infection rate from 15% to 5% - a success story. A concerted campaign backed by the government and religious leaders stressing 'ABC'. (Abstinence, Being faithful, Using a Condom)
Education is critical - especially for young adults. Migratory labour systems in southern Africa have an effect as men leave their homes to find work - they may spend time in brothels when away.
Other problems come from traditional African culture:
# polygamy (more than one wife)
# inheriting the wife of a deceased brother
# communal breast feeding (common in rural areas)
AIDs is a global issue - the global community must help those countries most affected - the LEDCs do not have the resources or organisational structures to fight the disease. If we don't help the problem may spread becoming even more of a pandemic. Potentially the giants of China, India, Indonesia and Russia are at risk.
Comic Relief 2009: Lenny Henry Flies To Uganda
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Impact of HIV/AIDS on Children in Uganda
Red Nose Day 2009 - Why on Earth? Don't forget other disease like MALARIA
Botswana Miners - tested for Aids
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RqPw9co0auQ Tropic of Capricorn Aids orphans in Botswana