• Try and judge the good and bad points of each management strategy listed below. Consider whether the management strategy would work.
• Consider what it might cost - is it affordable? Consider whether the management strategy has any bad effects on the environment.
• What type of person (group of people) would support each particular strategy and why? Consider why this person may be biased or have a particular viewpoint.
• What management strategy has Orting chosen? How do they plan to 'manage the hazard' now? What assumptions have they made in their planning?
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  What strategy would you recommend? You can think of your own strategy or a mixture of these. Which groups of people are likely to support or oppose your ideas and why? [This might be one of your conclusions for the next section!]

·        Evaluate conflicting views and opinions to help them form and justify their own views, and make informed decisions about current geographical issues. Evaluate fact and opinion and begin to recognise bias.

• " I won't be here in 500 years so why worry? I'm more worried about floods, Global Warming all that 'eco' stuff! I'm more worried about my own health. I like Orting and I'm not moving - in Seattle you can't breath for the traffic fumes. No I'll take my chances here. You can't live for ever anyways." A. Drinker
   
• "Fielding, the fire chief, said he has been frustrated in trying to educate valley residents on Rainier's danger. Town meetings have been called in Orting the past three years, but "turnout has been marginal to nil," he said." from http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/volcanoes/vmor.html
   
• "You know it's our right to live here - no politician can tell an American where they can and can't live. Especially some female Democrat Governor. It's unconstitutional. We all have our freedoms - that's what made America great!" A. Redneck [Remember the case of Harry Truman from the Mount St. Helens incident]

• Lahars will be detected by networks of five acoustic flow monitor (AFM) stations that have been placed within tens to hundreds of meters from the active flood plain in the upper reaches of both the Puyallup and Carbon River valleys. from http://www.earthscape.org/t1/usgs01/usgs01u/usgs01u.html
   
• Sirens: Puyallup River valley communities are equipped with 17 warning sirens. Practice drills have been mostly effective for people who are outdoors and not far from the horns. Tests have repeatedly shown that many people inside buildings don't hear them. from http://www.citizenreviewonline.org/june2004/danger.htm
   
• ORTING - There are six sirens in Orting designed to scare people. At 8 a.m. Tuesday, two of them screamed. Barista Michelle Jaeger was on duty at the espresso stand in downtown Orting: "It scared me real bad. So I called the police and they told me they didn't know what was going on." These are not just sirens. It's a lahar warning system. Orting knows if Mt. Rainier goes... or a glacier tears loose, a 4 metre wall of mud (a lahar) could be on the way. "I am pretty terrified to live in this town just 'cause of the whole mountain and everything that happens around here," said Orting resident Samantha Blakely. "It scares me." from http://www.komonews.com/news/archive/4144116.html
   
• Evacuation drills: Children in Orting, Puyallup, Sumner and Fife are becoming more adept at evacuating their schools, but the larger question remains: Can nearly 13,000 students in these four districts get off the valley floor in time? from http://www.citizenreviewonline.org/june2004/danger.htm
   
• "Have a family plan.  Include:
  • Where you will meet if you cannot get home.
  • Out-of-area contact person for all family members to call letting them know you are okay and what your plans are.
  • Grab-and-go backpacks for family members with food, water, necessary medications, and copies of important family records.
  • Include a plan for your pets." from http://www.cityoforting.org/emergency_management/evacuation_plan.html

• What is the 'Bridge for kids'? http://bridge4kids.org/ It might cost $12,000,000.
   
• They could try to build huge embankments around the town to deflect any lahars. It might cost $billions.

• "It is not a question of if, it is only a question of when?" There is no safe place in Orting and the town should be rebuilt somewhere else. No new building should occur here. The school at least must be relocated to high ground."
   
• "We call it low probability, high consequence," says Steven Bailey, Pierce County's Director of Emergency Management. "It's a low probability it's going to occur in our lifetime. But if and when it does, the consequences are going to be huge." from http://projects.ups.edu/gjones/fall2004/AB/BridgeForKids/
   
• "Remember Armero" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armero_tragedy
   
• "Homes in this area are in greater risk of being hit by a mudflow from Mount Rainier than a risk of catching on fire," said Kevin Scott, a USGS research hydrologist who has been mapping the hazard for a decade. from http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/volcanoes/vmor.html